1. Analyse Uthman bin Affan’s administration during his caliphate.

2. The crusades were nothing but a guise for Europe’s territorial expansionism.’ Comment.

3. Examine the political life of Hijaz in the pre-Islamic Arabia.

4. Assess the achievements of Abdul Malik, the second founder of the Umayyad Caliphate.

5. ‘The Umayyad Umar bin Abdul Aziz’ rule was in many aspects similar to the Orthodox Caliphate.’ Justify this statement.

6. .Assess the development of civilization in India under the rule of the Moghuls.

7. To what extent did the Abbasids’ weaknesses pave the way for the emergence of Independent Muslim dynasties?

8. a.Examine the factors that favoured the emergence of the Safavid dynasty.

9. ‘It were the weaknesses of the last Fatimid Caliphs that led to the collapse of the Fatimid dynasty in Egypt.’ Discuss.

10. ‘Explain the exemplary nature of Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) life up to 621 AD.

11. Examine the ways in which Fatimid rule affected the social and economic life of the people in North Afric

12. Examine the factors that helped the Abbasids to rise to power and consolidate their rule

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