1.    a) Explain the origins of the Great Zimbabwe Empire.
       b) How was the empire organised by 1500?

2.    a) Why were the Portuguese interested in Mozambique during the 16th Century?
       b) What problems did the Portuguese face during this period?

3.    a) How did the Makololo rule gain control of Bulozi by 1840?
       b) Explain the effects of Makololo rule on the Lozi between 1840 and 1864.

4.    a) Describe the trading activities of the Chokwe during the 19th Century.
      b) What factors led to the decline of these activities by 1890?

5.    a)Why did Christian missionaries come to Nyasaland (Malawi) during the 19th Century?
       b) Describe the role played by the missionaries in the colonisation of Central Africa.

6.    a) Explain the causes of the 1896-1897 Ndebele rebellion.
       b) What were the effects of this rebellion on the Shona and Ndebele?

7.    a) How did the French administer Congo-Brazzaville between 1885 and 1960?
       b) What were the effects of this administration on the peoples of Congo-Brazzaville?

8.    Explain the contribution of the following to the struggle for independence in Northern Rhodesia (Zambia):
      a)Harry Nkumbula
      b) Kenneth Kaunda

END