PART I: THE REST OF AFRICA
Answer two questions from this part.
1. a) (i) Outline the characteristics of shifting cultivation.
(ii)Mention two areas outside East Africa where shifting cultivation is practiced.
b) Explain why shifting cultivation is practiced in any one area mentioned in (a)(ii) above.
c) State the disadvantages of shifting cultivation.
d) (i) State three other traditional farming systems in Africa.
(ii)Giving specific examples outline the steps being taken to improve traditional farming systems in Africa.
2. "Many parts of Africa lying on the desert fringes have reached .... Land deterioration. The desert is expanding partly because of recurring cycles of drought, but also because of man."
Source: J.M.Pritchard: Africa p246.
(a) (i) Mention three African countries lying on the desert fringes.
(ii)State the characteristics of desert conditions.
(b) Describe how man has contributed to the expansion of the desert in the countries named in (a)(i) above.
(c) Explain the steps being taken to control the expansion of the desert in these countries.
(d) (i) Name three types of desert surfaces in Africa.
(ii)With the help of a diagram, describe how any one of the following desert features was formed:
- Rock pedestal
- Sand dune
- Wadi
3. For either the Kariba dam or the Aswan high dam:
a) Draw a sketch map to show the location and the area covered by the project.
b) Give reasons why the site was chosen.
c) What were the objectives of setting up the project?
d) How has the project benefited the people of the area?
e) What problems have been caused by the setting up of the project?
4. a) Draw an outline map of Nigeria and on it, mark and label where the following minerals are mined:
(i) oil,
(ii) coal,
(iii) iron ore,
(iv) tin,
(v) limestone
b) What factors have favored the mining of any two minerals mentioned in (a) above?
c) Giving specific examples, explain how the minerals mentioned in (b) above have led to the growth of industries in Nigeria.
5. Study the table below showing Africa's population growth between 1950 and 1990 and answer the questions that follow:
| Year | No. of people(million) |
| 1950 | 199 |
| 1960 | 270 |
| 1970 | 344 |
| 1980 | 453 |
| 1990 | 616 |
Source: R.G.White: Africa: studies for east Africa students.
a) Draw a line graph to show Africa's population growth between 1950 and 1990.
b) Describe Africa's population growth between 1950 and 1990.
c) (i) In which period did Africa experience the highest population growth?
(ii)Suggest reasons for your answer in (c)(i) above.
d) Name any two countries in Africa with the:
(i) Highest population totals,
(ii) Lowest population totals.
e) Give reasons for uneven population distribution in Africa.
6. a) Draw a sketch map to show the position of either port Lagos or Port cape town and on it, mark and label its hinterland.
b) Explain the factors that led to the development of the port chosen in (a) above.
c) Name three commodities handled by the port.
d)(i) state the other functions of the port chosen in (a) above.
(ii) Outline the problems facing this port.
PART II:
STUDIES IN DEVELOPMENT
Answer two questions from this part
REGION I: NORTH AMERICA
7. a) Draw a sketch map of California showing the central valley and on, it mark and name the following:
(i) rivers san Joaquin and Sacramento,
(ii) port san Francisco,
(iii) the major agricultural area.
b) Name three types of crops gown in the central valley of California.
c) Describe the factors that have led to the success of agriculture in the central valley.
d) Outline the problems facing agriculture in the central valley.
e) State the contribution of the agricultural sector to the economy of California.
8. a) Draw a sketch map of the Great lakes region and on it, mark and name:
(i) industrial cities: Chicago, Cleveland, Toronto and Detroit,
(ii) ports: Duluth and Rochester,
(iii) canals: Wetland and Sault ste Marie.
b) Outline the
(i) factors that led to the growth of industrial cities marked in (a) (i) above.
(ii) problems faced by these industrial cities.
c) State the commodities handled by any one of the ports marked in(a)(ii) above.
d) Explain (i) Why the canals marked in (a)(iii) above were constructed.
(ii)the contribution of the great lakes to surrounding area.
9. a) Draw a sketch map of the area covered by the Tennessee valley authority and on it, mark and name:
(i) the Appalachian mountains,
(ii) rivers Mississippi, Ohio and Tennessee.
b) Give reasons why the Tennessee valley authority was established.
c) Explain how the Tennessee valley authority
(i) was established,
(ii) has benefited the people of the area.
REGION II: THE RHINELANDS
10. a) Identify four tourist attractions found in Switzerland.
b) Explain the factors which favored the development of the tourist industry in Switzerland.
c) Outline the benefits Switzerland gets from tourism.
d) (i) Identify three tourist attractions in Uganda which are not in Switzerland.
(ii) What steps has the government of Uganda taken to improve her tourist industry?
11. Study the table below showing the decline of the coal industry in Germany (1955-71).
| Year | Employment in the coal industry | Production of coal (metric tones) |
| 1955 | 400,000 | 125,000,000 |
| 1970 | 250,000 | 100,000,000 |
Adapted from: D. Hughes and T. Randle: the Rhine basin. A study in development.
a) Calculate the percentage decline in:
(i) Employment in the coal industry.
(ii) Production of coal
b) Explain the factors which have led to the decline of the coal industry in Germany.
c) (i) Mention the new industries that have developed in Germany as a result of the decline of the coal industry.
(ii)Outline the factors that have favored the development of industries in (c)(i) above.
d) (i) Name two industrial centres in Germany.
(ii)State two problems caused by industrial development in the areas named in (d)(i) above.
12. a) Draw a sketch map of Belgium and on it, mark and name:
(i) There major coal fields.
(ii) The iron and steel centres: Liege, Charleroi and Zelzate.
b) Explain the factors that have led to the growth of the iron and steel industries in Belgium.
c) (i) Outline the problems facing the iron and steel industry in Belgium.
(ii)State the steps taken to solve the problems in (c) (i) above.
d) Mention two products from the iron and steel industry in Belgium.
REGION III: CHINA
13. a) Draw a sketch map of the Yangtze river basin. On it, mark and label:
(i) the cotton growing areas,
(ii) the rice growing areas,
(iii) shanghai town,
(iv) yellow sea,
(v) grand canal
b)(i) Name two other agricultural activities carried out in the Yangtze river basin.
(ii)Describe the factors that have favored agriculture in the Yangtze River basin.
c) Outline the contribution of agriculture to the economy of china.
d) What problems have the farmers in the Yangtze River basin failed to solve?
14. Study the table below showing small - scale industrial establishments and employment in china and answer the questions that follow.
| Industry | Number of establishments | Total number of persons employed per establishment | Average number of persons employed per establishment |
| Foodmanufacture | 458 | 9,578 | 21 |
| Textile manufacture | 964 | 771,088 | 74 |
| Footwear and clothing | 956 | 52,582 | 55 |
| Printing and publishing | 761 | 11,765 | 15 |
| manufacture of machinery | 410 | 6,102 | 15 |
| Electrical apparatus | 162 | 7,843 | 48 |
Adapted from: R, C.Honeybone and N.J.Graves: North America and Asia: a geography for sch.
a) State two facts which the table tells you about:
(i) Small - scale industrial establishments in china
(ii) Employment in small - scale industrial establishments in china.
(iii) The average number of workers in small - scale industrial establishment in china.
b) Explain the factors which favored the establishment of small - scale industries in china.
c) Outline the benefits from the small- scale industries to the people of china.
d) (i) Mention two small-scale industries found in both china and Uganda.
(ii)State the steps being taken by the government of Uganda to encourage the development of small scale industries.
15. "The Yunnan region of china has a variety of mineral resources, many river, is suitable for agricultural development and yet it has remained underdeveloped."
a) Draw a sketch map of Yunnan region of china and on it, mark and name:
(i) Land above 3,000 metres above sea level,
(ii) Towns: Kunming and Tali,
(iii) Rivers: Mekong and Hong Kiang (red river)
b) State two:
(i) Minerals mined,
(ii) Crops in the Yunnan region.
c) Explain why the Yunnan region of china has remained underdeveloped.
d) What steps has the government of china taken to develop the region?
e) (i) Name one area in East Africa with similar problems like those of Yunnan region of china.