1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

You get an electric shock if an electric current flows through you. This usually happens if you touch something which is live that is, which is connected to a supply of electricity. The severity of the shock will depend on the size of the current, and the part of our body that it passes through. The current will take the path of least resistance through your body that is in contact with the ground (earth) or any object making contact with the ground.

The size of the current is directly proportional to the voltage and to the resistance of the path taken by the current. The voltage will probably be fixed- a mains voltage of200 to 250 volts. The resistance can vary considerably. Good conductors of electricity have a low resistance while bad conductors have high resistance, and are called insulators. For example, rubber is a good insulator so is dry skin. But water and most metals are good conductors; the body , a fairly good one.

This means that if you touch a live part and are well insulated from the ground, (for example if you are wearing shoes with rubber soles) and have dry skin, you should not get a severe shock. But if your skin is moist or wet and you are not well insulated from the ground (standing, for example, on a wet floor with leather-soled shoes), the shock will be severe, possibly fatal.

In an iron, the live parts (for example, the heating element, thermostat and wire connecting them are insulated from the rest of the iron. Rubber is used to insulate some parts, mainly the connecting wires, while mica is frequently used to insulate the parts which get hottest, such as the element. If this insulation deteriorates, some parts of the iron which the user may touch can become live.

To prevent an electric shock if this happens, a path of much less resistance than that through the user can be provided for parts which might become live, so that current will flow along it instead of through the user's body. This is called earthing, and is done by means of a third earth wire ( in addition to the two conducting wires in the flex), one end of which makes good electrical contact with the ground, through the mains socket, while the other end is connected to the parts of iron which might become live.

It is, of course, up to the user to make certain that the 3- wire flex is correctly fitted to a 3-pin plug, which in turn is used in a properly earthed mains socket. Otherwise the iron is not earthed. Fewer accidents would occur if plugs and sockets were correctly wired, so that equipment was properly earthed. If you have any doubts, the first essential is, therefore, to have your wiring and your electrical equipment professionally checked. This will cut down to a minimum the chances of a serious shock or a fatal accident, should your iron (or, equally any other piece of electrical equipment) become faulty.

Question:

In about 120 words, explain the measures that could be used to maintain road safety.

2. Read this passage and then answer the questions that follow.

Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communication is performed on a performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, stand in football match queues, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news or comments and very likely have our views challenged by other member of the society.

Face to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last 200 years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news, which often is eclipsed by international news. The Israeli raid on Entebbe Airport, Uganda, in 1976 was followed by six books about the subject and two films within months of the events!

No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged minority. In the last century, the wealthy man with a library of his own was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the television to watch a programme that is being channelled into millions of homes.

Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. The modern communications industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are involved with informing, educating and entertaining.

Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the individual and to the society of which he is a part, the vast modern network of communications is open to abuse. However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning back.

Source: (A complete course for the new Cambridge Certificate for students (1986) by Judy Garton- Springer and Simon Greenall)

Questions;

1. What examples are given of person-to-person communication?

2. What are the two main reasons for the development of mass communication?

3. Why is the cinema less popular than it was in the forty years ago?

4. Apart from information, what other material is communicated by mass media?

5. What do the following words or phrases mean in the context of the passage?

i. Person-to-person

ii. Inventiveness

iii. Eclipsed

iv. Contemporary

v. Channelled

3. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

It was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that it was recognised that certain substances were essential in the diet to prevent or cure, some diseases. These substances are now known as vitamins, and they are vital for growth, good health, and maintenance of the normal functions of the body. The Hungarian biochemist. Szentayorgyi, who first isolated vitamin C (ascorbic acid), defined the vitamin as a substance which makes you ill if you don't eat it.

A well balanced diet should provide all the vitamins we normally require. Those of us who are fortunate enough to be able to buy sufficient food should not suffer from vitamin deficiency. However, for various reasons, some people do not maintain a balanced diet. People often lose their appetite because of the illness. People living alone may not bother to eat proper meals, and people on diet may not eat sufficient quantities of necessary foods. Elderly people are at risk because they may be unable to shop and cook. Moreover, modern methods of preserving, freezing and long-term storage of food together with over cooking can destroy many of the vitamins. Food served in restaurants and canteens has often lost much of its vitamin content because it has been kept hot, or even prepared the day before. So you may have problems if you eat it.

Are you getting enough vitamins?

Source: Judy Garton- spenger: A complete course for the new Cambridge First Certificate'.

 

Questions:

1) Vitamins are necessary to

A. Make it one il

B. Keep the body in a healthy condition

C. Encourage vitamin deficiency

D. Make a balanced diet

2) Loss of appetite may be due to

A. Lack of vitamins

B. Not maintain a balanced diet

C. Not eating sufficient quantities of necessary foods

D. Illness

3) The following are ways of destroying vitamins except

A. Modern methods of preserving food

B. Freezing

C. Keeping and eating food fresh

D. Long term storage of food

4) Food served restaurant may lose its vitamins becausr of

A. Being kept under hot temperatures or prepared overnight

B. Having been stored too long

C. Not being fresh

D. Being eaten regularly

5) Elderly people may suffer ill health particularly because they

A. May be unable to buy their food and prepare teir meals

B. Do not know about balanced diets

C. Often eat in restaurants.

D. Always keep essential vitamins out of their diet

4. Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.

1) It would be even sillier to dodge the exams.

(Replace sillier with foolish)

2) She would rather be punished than be suspended

(Use: prefer)

3) "Have you any news of your uncle's arrival, John?" She asked.

(Rewrite using indirect speech)

4) I did not see him there. Nobody else saw him there either.

(Join as one sentence using: neither)

5) We realised what a good teacher he was when he got into his class and we saw him teaching.

(Begin: It was not ............)

6) We realised what a good teacher he was when he got into his class and we saw him teaching.

(Begin: It was not.......)

7) Beatrice is a Ugandan student. Beatrice is slender. Beatrice is nineteen years old.

(Rewrite as one sentence without any repetition)

8) Keeping our money in the bank is quite wise, but it might be wiser to buy a house with it

(Begin: It might be wiser.............)

9) Most people in southern Sudan haven't enough to eat.

(Use: ...........too.........)

10) Did you give me the keys or was it someone else?

(Begin: Was..............)

11) Te truck is so slow that it won't get to Fort Portal before dusk.

(Use: ...........too.........)

 

5 Complete sentences with the most suitable answer among the alternatives.

1) Peter told her...............he had said.

A. Why

B. That

C. When

D. All that

2) I wish I........................more interesting books to read.

A. Have found

B. Would found

C. Can find

D. Could find

3) He's got.................of money, but very little sense.

A. a lot

B. much

C. enough

D. a great

4) Hosea...................in Fort Portal for the last six years.

A. working

B. has been working

C. is working

D. was working

5) His shyness and inability to speak English made him feel most..............

A. proud

B. embarrassed

C. dignified

D. excited

6) There is.................. as not passing exams in that school.

A. no such thing

B. not such a thing

C. not a thing such

D. no such thing

7) He will not earn very much....................he works harder.

A. if

B. when

C. unless

D. because

8) Uganda is...........................

A. a beautiful, exciting, small country

B. a small, beautiful, exciting country

C. beautiful, small, exciting country

D. small, strict beautiful, an exciting country.

9) .........................of the two passed the exams.

A. All

B. Neither

C. Nor

D. Both

10) She didn't give me.....................pocket money.

A. a bit

B. some

C. any

D. little