- Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
World Government
If World Government is to work smoothly, certain economic conditions will have to be fulfilled. One of these, which are beginning to receive widespread recognition, is the raising of the standard of life in what are now under-developed countries to the West. Until a certain economic equality among the different parts of the world has been achieved, the equality among the different parts of the world has been achieved, the poorer nations will envy the richer ones, and the richer ones will dread violent action on the part of those who are less prosperous.
But this is not the most difficult economic measure that may be necessary. Various raw materials are essential to industry. Of these, at present, oil is one of the most important. Probably uranium, though no longer needed for purpose of war, will be essential for industrial use of nuclear energy. There is no justice in the private ownership of such essential raw materials -and I think we must include in undesirable private ownership, not only that by individuals or companies, but also that by separate States. The raw materials without which industry is impossible should belong to time International Authority and he granted to separate nations in accordance with the two principles of justice and aptitude for their use. Nations which are lacking in this aptitude should be helped to acquire it.
In a stable world such as we are envisaging, there could be in many ways a great deal more freedom than there is at present. There would, however, be some new limitations on freedom, since it would be necessary to include loyalty to the international Government and to curb incidents to war by single nations or groups of nations Subject to this limitation, there should be freedom of press, freedom of speech and freedom of travel. There should be a very radical change in education. The young should no longer be taught to over-emphasize the merits of their own countries, to feel pride in those of their compatriots who had shown most skill in killing foreigners, or to adopt Mr. Ponsnap's maximum: 'Foreign nations, I am sorry to say , do as they do do.' History should be taught from an international point of view with little emphasis on wars and much emphasis upon peaceful achievements, whether in knowledge or art, or in exploration or adventure. The education authorities of a single country should not be permitted by the International Government to stir up chauvinist feeling or to advocate armed rebellion against the International Government. Apart from these limitations there should be tolerated in teachers. The whole emphasis, in all teaching of history or social subjects, should be on Man and not on separate nations or groups nations.
(Adapted from Bertrand Russell Has Man a Future Longman, London, 1970 pp 68)
Questions:
a) Explain in not more than 70 words how education should change for the success of a World Government.
b) In not more than 40 words explain the most explain the most difficult economic task that a World Government has to accomplish.
- Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
The Brazilian Government has authorized the establishment in the Amazon Basin of almost three hundred ranching-schemes with a capacity of nearly four million cattle. Bulldozers and fellers are now clearing several areas of the forest, in projects supported by some of the world's biggest processed meat producers. The government insists that half of the forest cover must be preserved on each of these properties.
Nevertheless, their research scientists are worried that all the goodness will be leached from the soil when the tree comes down, and that, fellers may be making deserts. They are concerned also about the industrial developments that would accompany meat production on such a huge scale; these could adversely affect not only the marvelous aquatic life of the Amazon hut even commercial fishing out in the Atlantic.
One scientist has gone so far as to suggest the Amazonian might be responsible for half of the world's oxygen supply. The technical arguments are complicated, but the basic contention is that much more effective for this purpose than foliage in temperature zones which does not grow all the year round; and that Amazonian could therefore be earning its keep on a world scale.
To the optimists, then, the development of Amazonian is panacea for world blunder...
(Source: Rid out, English Today 1954)
Questions:
1) The last sentence of the passage states the optimist's view. What then is the pessimist's view?
2) Why are research scientists worried about the Amazon's soil?
3) What are the views of the scientists about industrial development?
4) What is meant by "the basic contention"? (third paragraph)
5) According to the passage, the Amazonian could he "earning its keep on a world scale" Explain this statement.
- Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Tired out and scared to pieces. David was glad when it began to grow light. He was no longer used to travel during the day instead. Traveling by night was too exhausting in a terrain where at every step you might run into something or trip over it- plants, tree roots, an unexpected slope or hole in he ground. He had noticed, too that has long as people were not able to take a good look at him, they paid him little enough attention- he was just a boy passing by. There must be lots of boys in the world. The many things he must have failed to notice in the town continued to fret him. There might have been boys there, too, but he had been so busy learning about what was in the shops, listening to what people about and reading the notices that he had not been aware of. He could read anything now, as long as it was in print and that was a great advantage.
He waited till it was light enough to see whether there were houses nearby and then found a good clump of bushes to sleep in.
When he woke he had a sock. It was daylight, and he sat up he found himself looking straight out o sea! He looked anxiously at his compass. Perhaps it had broken? But the needle moved as it should. For a moment he thought he had lost his way in the dark and had wondered round in a circle till he was back again in the neighborhood of the town. Then another thought occurred to him: perhaps the coast- line curved right round and had crossed a strip of land with the sea on both sides of it. Yes, that was it.
(Source: The Listener, by Stark OUP.1951 pg 48)
Select the best of the four choices given in each question:
1) David was scratched to pieces because
A. he did not know the way
B. he could not see where he was going
C. it was exhausting terrain
D. he was travelling at night over rough ground
2) He decided to travel by day
A. because it was lees exhausting
B. if people no longer stared at him
C. as people did not stare at him if he passed quickly
D. for he wanted to see the countryside
3) While he was in town
A. he had learned to read notices
B. he had been trying to learn as much as possible
C. he had seen a lot of boys like himself
D. he had fretted about the things
4) When he woke up, he had a shock because
A. that was later than expected
B. the sea had apparently moved
C. he had broken his compass
D. he had thought he was nowhere near the sea
5) Finally he discovered
A. that lie was on a narrow strip 01 I and
B. that he was mistaken
C. that he had been right all the time
D. that lie was on an island
- Rewrite the following sentences as instructed without changing the meaning.
1) It started to rain during the match but we decided we continue until the end.
(Begin: Although.....)
2) Uncle Amukun may arrive tomorrow morning.
(Rewrite using.......possibility.)
3) "I hope I shall win the first prize in the competition." Simon Okello said.
(Begin: Simon Okello hoped...........)
4) I wonder how old Anne was.
(Use direct speech)
5) In case of emergency, ring 999.
(Begin: If......)
6) The only thing we can do is buy a new car.
(Rewrite to end..........alternative.)
7) Akello is too young to enter the competition.
(Rewrite using.......enough...)
8) Has the lawyer been in touch with you about the murder?
(Rewrite using.......heard.)
9) You may go with your friends but you must return by ten.
(Rewrite using........provided.)
10) Gertrude has no difficulty in finding Rehemah's house.
(Rewrite to end........ease......)
- Choose the best alternative
1) 'I don't understand it,' he said. 'I don't................' I replied.
A. don't I
B. too
C. either
D. neither
2) They asked him if he had any objection.............them to the police station.
A. of accompanying
B. to accompanying
C. for accompanying
D. to accompany
3) The country has a hard working population and many national resources. If only it..............more industries of its own.
A. had
B. has
C. will have
D. should have
4) Eventually the nurse cast her eyes over the rows of patients and asked................
A. 'Who had been waiting longest?'
B. 'Who had been waiting the longest'?
C. Who had been waiting the longest
D. Who had been waiting longest?
5) .................his efficiency, he was quite a successful businessman.
A. but for
B. as for
C. for all
D. in return for
6) The defeated team left the field looking extremely..............
A. dejected
B. dismantled
C. distorted
D. grievous
7) it was not clear.................he was referring to.
A. the one
B. which one
C. the one which
D. as to that
8) While no exactly admiring him........................
A. they did not respect him
B. they still respected him
C. he deserved to be respected
D. he did not deserve respect
9) His wife's infidelity was something he would rather....................
A. to have discovered
B. not have discovered
C. to have not discovered
D. not to have discovered
10) I wanted to learn Arabic, but I was.....................by the appearance of the script.
A. run down
B. put off
C. cut off
D. carried away