Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Many insects are known to play an essential part in transmitting diseases. Mosquitoes transmit malaria and yellow fever, tsetse flies carry sleeping sickness, and fleas harbour bubonic plague. Animals which carry organisms which can cause diseases in other animals or plants are called vectors.
Malaria is caused by a microscopic, single-celled parasites are transmitted from man to man by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. They pierce the skin from the skin with their sharp mouth parts and feed on blood which they suck from the skin capillaries. If blood so taken contains the malarial parasites, these undergo a complicated series of changes within the mosquito, including extensive reproduction and eventually accumulate in large numbers in the salivary glands. If this mosquito now bites a healthy person, saliva containing hundreds of parasites is injected into his blood stream and he may develop malaria.
If mosquitoes could be prevented from biting people, disease could not be transmitted. Thus methods of controlling the disease, apart from drugs which kill the malaria parasite in the blood, concentrate largely on eliminating the mosquito. The species of mosquito which normally rest in dwellings can be attacked by sprays containing DDT or BHC. The spray remains effective on the walls of dwellings for several months and will kill any insects which settle on the sprayed surface. It is known that, although the adult mosquito spends is life on land, the larvae and pupae live in water. The female mosquito lays her eggs in the static water of lakes, ponds, ditches or even water collected in puddles, drinking troughs or tin cans. The eggs soon hatch to larvae which breathe air at the surface through a tracheal tube and feed on microscopic algae in water. The larva eventually pupates and although the pupa does not feed, it still breathes air. Finally, the pupa skin splits open, the imago emergences and flies away. Knowledge of this cycle leads to methods of mosquito eradication directed at the larval and pupa stages. By draining swamps and turning sluggish rivers into swifter streams the breeding grounds of the mosquito are destroyed.
In towns and villages, water must not be allowed to collect in any container, e.g. tanks, plots or tins, accessible to the mosquito. Spraying stagnant water with oil and insecticides suffocates or poisons the larvae and pupa. Such spraying must include not only lakes and ponds but any accumulation of fresh water which mosquitoes can reach, e.g. drains, gutters and the receptacles mentioned above.
As a result of a world-wide programme of malaria eradication, sponsored by the World Health Organisations, malaria has been virtually eliminated by the methods outlines above in fourteen countries and eradication is well advanced in another twenty-four. In fifty-four more countries, eradication is beginning or is planned.
(From: Introduction to Biology by Mackean)
Questions:
In not more than 150 words summarize the passage explaining;
_ how malaria is transmitted,
_ how malaria can be prevented and what achievements the World Health Organisation has so far made in eradicating malaria.
2. Use the same passage and answer the following questions 2 and 3.
1) What are the meanings of the following words as used in the passage?
i) vector
ii) malaria
iii) Anopheles
iv) malarial parasites
v) species
2) With reference to the passage to the passage, briefly explain how malaria is transmitted.
3) Using information from the passage, say how malaria can be prevented.
4) i) What do you understand by the term receptacles?
ii) Name the receptacles that have been 'mentioned above'.
5) i) What does "malaria has been virtually eliminated" mean?
ii) What other plans does the World Health Organisation have to fight malaria?
3. 1) Many insects are known to play an essential part in transmitting disease. The underlined word means;
a) injecting disease
b) passing on disease
c) curing disease
d) harbouring disease
2) There are many ways of preventing malaria, two of which are..............and...............
3) Spraying must include......................and....................and also.............
4) The breeding ground of the mosquito can be destroyed by...................
5) The pupa does not feed but................
4. Rewrite as instructed without changing the meaning.
1) It was clever of him to build a house in the village.
(Rewrite beginning: How.....)
2) Your dog was barking at a stranger when I shouted at him.
(Begin: I...........)
3) After the gale the farmer had to have his fence repaired.
(Use..........arranged)
4) When the Minister of Education visited the school, he was met by the headmaster.
(Begin: On........)
5) The porter found it difficult to move fast because of heavy luggage.
(Begin: The luggage.....)
6) The class suddenly stated to laugh.
(Use: burst)
7) As Juliet was strikingly beautiful, she became the dream of every young man in the college.
(Begin: Strikingly....)
8) If you were a teacher, you would have known how tedious it is to teach a class of more than hundred pupils.
(Begin: Not being....)
9) If the headmaster had not been merciful, Alice would not have sat her examinations.
(Begin: But for.........)
10) Nothing exciting is happening.
(Begin: I wish......)
5. Choose the best alternative
1) Barely...........................started off when Mr. Kamba arrived at the stage.
A. the bus had
B. had the bus
C. the bus
D. hadn't the bus
2) The garden was...........................planted with beans.
A. wholly
B. wholly
C. holy
D. holly
3) S.1's are rarely given hand-outs for.......................is currently very expensive.
A. statutory
B. stationery
C. stationary
D. stationer
4) People who did not know the meaning of "Foods Day" called John a.....................
A. lair
B. layer
C. lier
D. liar
5) The parent is.............................to know his son's examination results.
A. ambitious
B. anxious
C. sensitive
D. shuttered
6) My classmate was............................with his pocket money.
A. economist
B. economic
C. economical
D. economized
7) He expressed his liking........................modern novels.
A. to
B. for
C. of
D. with
8) My brother's hopes were
A. chattered
B. shattered
C. chartered
D. shuttered
9) His sister got married in 1965 and....................three children so far.
A. will have
B. has got
C. is having
D. is to have
10) I cannot make ..............................the message which has been written in code.
A. off
B. up
C. out
D. for