1. Read The following passage and answer the questions that follow
When man evolved a conscience, his basic relationship with the other animals began to change. Until then, they were broadly divided into those which ate him when they got the chance, those which he ate when he got a chance and the third group which competed with him for find. Or was otherwise a nuisance to him in the business of keeping alive.
In the primitive situation, man was, therefore, basically against nature, but as the battle was progressively won conscience crept in ; the awareness of responsibility, and a failure to meet it, produced feelings of guilt. Those who live in cities and need no longer do battle against nature are now day's most active for nature.
At this time, something like a thousand kinds of animals (vertebrate animals) can be said to be in danger of extinction. A few of them have been reduced to this precarious position by extensive killing, but the majority are disappearing only as fast as the particular kind of country they need existence of itself disappearing and all this at the hands of man, as often as not by mistake.
These two kinds of threat can be found in the blue whale and Hunter's antelope. Man has not so far substantially altered the habitat of the blue whale (although even here is a threat), but he has killed so many that the species faces extinction. In spite of an international convention, he cannot even now, agree to give full protection to this, the largest animal in the world- the largest now and as far as scientist know the largest there has ever been.
Hunter antelopes, on the other hand, live only in a quite small area along the Tana River in Kenya- an area which is scheduled for major development. There will be just as many in future as there is a suitable country for them, and the survival of the species depends simply on whether or not a portion of their habitat is set aside, or whether their new home in the Tsavo Park to which some have been transported, turns out to be acceptable to them.
There three species of turtles whose future survival is menaced by the demand for turtle soup, which would hardly justify the extermination of a giant reptile whose family has existed for 200 million years.
Leopards are in jeopardy because of the fashion for their skins. As they get rarer the prices rise, and as leopard skin coats become more expensive the demand increases. No species can long survive the price sixty pounds which a half grown baby leopard now carries on its own skin. And crocodiles, the largest surviving reptiles, are now dwindling alarmingly as a result of the fashion in crocodile skin for ladies' handbags and men's shoes.
But it is not only the individual species which are endangered. Among the greatest wonders in the world are the magnificent communities of animals still to be found in some especially favoured places such as the animals still to be found in some especially favoured places such as the Galapagos Archipelago, some of the sub- Antarctic islands, parts of the Arctic, certain coral reefs in the Tropics, and above all Africa.
Is it really the end for animals in that spectacular continent? Is the world's wild life all doomed? Will the child of A.D. 2000 ask, "What was an elephant ?' The answer can be no only if enough people are prepared to take a little trouble about it. It may be some losses are inescapable, some species will disappear, but with more effort, much can still be saved.
(Adapted from Peter Scott: Sunday Times in Certificate English Language by D.W. Grieve & K.Pratt.)
Questions:
In not more than 130 words, summarise what the writer considered to be the basic reasons for the extinction or elimination of certain animals by man as described in the passage.
2. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow carefully.
Before setting off from Nsambya Police Barracks, Nyero had told me to be very careful when crossing streets. But how could one take care? In battles, you can protect yourself against these numerous wheeled killers? If you did not want to die, you must not cross any street.
Nyero was at Kampala child-born and raised there. Perhaps he even knew some of the motorists and cyclists. Perhaps some of them knew his father, Corporal Okello; perhaps a few of them knew his mother. He slipped across the street, and it was as if vehicles had slowed down for him to pass, and he was on the other side in no time. I saw him raising his hand in greeting to one of the drivers. He stood there under a lamp post, waiting for me to cross the street and join him. Some fire began to burn inside me. A bus rumbled past, shaking the ground where I stood like an earthquake, and for a moment I could not see the boy. I must not lose sight of Nyero for how would I find my way back to Nsambya Police Barracks through the stupid milling crowds? And I must stop looking frightened, because Nyero would narrate it to the women at home, and where would I go to escape their cruel laughter?
Each time I made to cross the street, vehicles would come towards me with an intention to kill! I felt confused and helpless like a woman whose hut was engulfed in flames, I waited until the flow of vehicles had momentarily become a trickle, then I shot myself across the street; the kind of running you might see when a hunter is chasing a wounded edible rabbit. An old bus came at me as if I had killed its driver's twin brother! I braked in the middle of the street and jumped back like a waterbuck breaking through the net: I crashed into a giant of an Asian who was standing on the pavement. The white man fell on his back, and the buttons of his trousers broke, and his head-gear flew some distance away. My loin-cloth came apart and three thousand shillings in notes I had tied on my loin-cloth scattered and I immediately bent down to gather them.
The policeman swopped down on me like me waiting vultures after seeing the animal had dropped dead. One held my left hand, greatly interfering with my efforts to wear my loin-cloth. They said foolish things in some crazy language, and Nyero appeared to be translating to me what they were saying but I could not hear a word. A large crowd quickly gathered and they were shouting their heads off. What makes men in a crowd so stupid, so childish? There were men dressed in respectable- looking suits, carrying small leather boxes in their hands. They stood there looking at me as if they had nothing else better to do than to stand there making so much noise in broad daylight! There was an old man straining his skinny neck to catch a glimpse of a young man from the village. When our eyes met, he emitted a shrill cry! A white woman stood there looking at me as if they had nothing else better to do than to stand there making so much so much noise in broad daylight! There was an old man straining his skinny neck to catch a glimpse of young man from village. When our eyes met, he emitted a shrill cry! A white woman stood there trembling all over, she was so excited and really enjoying the policeman's interference with my dressing up, I could not hear anything not only because of the noises produced by that silly crowd; there was also a drum pounding in my head.
The white man stood there spitting blood. He held his trousers with his left hand, and brushed the blood from his bushy face with the back of his right hand. His moustache was full of blood and he looked like a lion shot dead before it had licked the blood of its kill from around its mouth.
I faintly heard Nyero say that we were supposed to go to the police station.
(From White Teeth, by Okot p' Bitek with minor changes)
Questions:
1) Briefly explain what the following expression mean from the way are used in the passage:
i. "these numerous wheeled killers"
ii. "he slipped across the street"
iii. "some fire began to burn inside me"
iv. I shot myself across the street"
v. "policemen swooped down on me"
2) i) Do you think the story teller is familiar with crossing Kampala streets or not?
ii) Give three examples from the passage to illustrate your answer.
3) In two short sentences describe, what happens from the time the story teller crashes into the Asian up to the he is taken to the police station.
4) In your own words, say what the story teller crashes into the Asian up to the time he is taken to the police station
5) In your own words, say what the story teller thinks of:
i) Nyero
ii) the crowds
iii) the woman at the scene of accident
6) From this narrator's expressions about other people, what sort of person do you think he is? Support your answer with an example from the passage.
Select the best of the four choices given.
1) "If you did not want to die, you must not cross any street" means
a) if you don't cross the street you will never die
b) you should cross the street when you want to die
c) crossing the street extremely dangerous and can cause your death
d) you should not come anywhere near any street
2) "It was as if vehicles had slowed down for him to pass" implies that Nyero seemed to be:
a) well known and respected
b) familiar with crossing streets
c) the son of a policeman
d) a fast runner
3) The story teller knocked the Asian down because he:
a) was confused by too much noise
b) feared being knocked down by a bus
c) was being chased by a wounded edible rat
d) wanted to reach his friend quickly
4) The writer thought the woman was trembling with excitement because:
a) the policeman has interfered with the story teller's dressing up
b) the old man had emitted a shrill cry
c) the buttons on the trousers of the Asian had fallen off
d) the story teller had knocked down an Asian
5) The most possible reason why the story teller is taken to the police station is that:
a) he had stolen the Asian's money
b) he was seen knocking the Asian and picking money that was suspected to be the Asian's
c) his loin-cloth came apart and scattered on the ground
d) he was disorderly
3. Rewrite each item as instructed without changing the meaning.
1) The father gave his children detailed instructions. His purpose of giving these instructions was to help them to avoid contracting Aids disease. Aids could kill them.
(Join into one sentence without using "and, but, so, therefore")
2) She did not repeat the mistake again and she returned back home.
(Remove the repetition)
3) "How many trees did you plant last year?" she asked.
(Rewrite in indirect speech)
4) The Minister complained that the budget for her Ministry was undercut.
(Begin: The Minister complained of.........)
5) My grandfather has died.
(Begin: Death....)
6) I had never before seen such a beautiful picture.
(Begin: That....)
7) He hit his child with a club because he thought he was a robber.
(Rewrite omitting 'because')
8) It is surprising that the thief killed our RC Secretary for Defence
(Begin: That.....)
9) Veronica has not eaten fish for the last six months.
(End with..........ago)
10) There has seldom been such a long drought.
(Begin: Seldom..........)
4. Choose your best alternative.
1) Newton................number of scientific theories during his life time.
A. announced
B. expanded
C. expedited
D. propounded
2) There is no way............to the dead.
A. for talking
B. talked
C. of talking
D. talking
3) We went to Malaba Border Post and bought things cheaply. We felt we had got...........
A. the worth of our money
B. our money worth
C. the worthy of our money
D. our money with worth
4) If I............known it would rain, I would have carried an umbrella.
A. have
B. heard
C. had
D. hard
5) Before the exam begin next November,
A. we shall cover the syllabus content properly
B. we shall have covered the syllabus content properly
C. we shall be covering the syllabus content properly
D. we are covering the syllabus content properly
6) The battle at Lukaya was crucial. The underlined word means
A. corroborated
B. accepted
C. collaborated
D. examined
7) The minister scrutinised the commissioner report. The underlined word means:
A. printed
B. rejected
C. held back
D. examined
8) He asked his mother if he could spend the next holiday at his friend's home and she said she would think about it over lunch. This means:
A. She will only think about after having lunch.
B. She will think about it only after having lunch.
C. She will think about it instead of having lunch.
D. She will think about it while having lunch.
9) She was sitting under the tree when the snake bit her. This can best be replaced by:
A. Sitting under the tree, the snake bit her.
B. Sitting under the tree, she was bitten by the snake.
C. Sitting under the tree, she bit the snake.
D. Sitting under the tree, the snake beat her.